Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: enseñanza/aprendizaje de lenguas interacción pensamiento crítico

Resumen:

This action research study explored the influence of questioning strategies on fostering critical thinking in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms among Arabic-speaking elementary students in the Arab sector in Israel. Unlike previous studies that either describe questioning patterns or provide experimental interventions, the study described here uniquely integrates action research with conversation analysis (CA), offering both a reflective teaching framework and a rigorous discourse-analytic lens. Using an action research approach combined with CA, the research examined teacher–student interactions in two sixth-grade EFL classes over a 4-month period. Data were collected from recorded classroom lessons and analyzed to identify how different types of questions shape students’ responses and promote critical thinking. The...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos creencias y actitudes de los estudiantes interacción

Resumen:

This study was designed to explore patterns of student perceptions of second language (L2) classroom environments and the relationships between such perceptions and L2 willingness to communicate (WTC). A sample of 845 first-year undergraduate students of English as a foreign language (EFL) participated in the study and reported their perceptions of the L2 classroom environment and their WTC. Using cluster analysis, this study aggregated students’ perceptions of the classroom environment into four clusters: High support, Rapport, Input, and Low support classes. These four clusters of classes differed significantly in the student perceived support of interpersonal relationships and instructional input. A one-way ANOVA further showed that L2 WTC was positively related to student perceptions of interpersonal relationships and...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: revisión bibliográfica

Temas: estrategias de aprendizaje metodología de investigación enseñanza/aprendizaje de lenguas

Resumen:

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Major advances have been made in research on language learning strategies (LLS) since it was triggered by good language learner studies (e.g. Rubin, 1975). Numerous accounts of strategy use have been compiled, key classifications have been proposed, some progress has been made towards furthering our understanding of the complex relationship between LLS use and attainment, an array of factors impacting strategy use has been investigated, some evidence has been gathered for the beneficial role of strategies-based instruction, and new data collection tools have been developed (see e.g. Cohen, 2011; Cohen & Griffiths, 2015; Cohen & Macaro, 2007; Griffiths, 2018, 2019; Griffiths & Oxford,...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: input aprendizaje informal enseñanza a niños

Resumen:

The present mixed-methods study was an inductive investigation of 8-to-12-year-old English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) children’s English input received beyond the classroom (IBC) in Hong Kong. Individual interviews, with an inductive co-constructive approach, were conducted with the participating children’s parents/guardians (n = 173) to elicit their IBC. The children completed four proficiency tests (listening, reading, speaking, and writing), the scores of which were analysed with their IBC. Medium to large effects were found in correlations between various aspects of IBC and proficiency. Spoken IBC (i.e. exposure to spoken English) generally showed stronger associations with proficiency than written IBC (i.e. exposure to written English) did. Regression analyses demonstrated that both types of IBC were significant predictors,...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos enseñanza/aprendizaje de vocabulario cognición y procesamiento

Resumen:

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Self-esteem is critical to learning, but it is a multifaceted construct with complex effects. The present study investigates domain-specific self-esteem in memory for novel lexis and its interaction with self-reference effects. In total, 144 Saudi learners processed novel English trait adjectives in four conditions (referenced to themselves, an intimate other, a familiar other, or synonyms). They evaluated their self-esteem at the time each item was processed and later recalled the meaning of each item (item memory) and the conditions under which they processed it (source memory). Results revealed that self-esteem had a significant impact on both item and source memory and interacted...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos motivación diferencias individuales

Resumen:

Although research into emotions has flourished in second language (L2) / foreign language (FL) learning in recent decades, few attempts have been made to examine learners as clusters based on their emotional profiles. The current study set out to first investigate the nature of 98 Grade-4-to-5 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ emotional profiles, as represented by classroom anxiety, boredom, and enjoyment. The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three distinct profiles: Negative Emotion (NE; 21.43%), High Enjoyment (HE; 46.93%), and high in both Enjoyment and Anxiety (EA; 31.63%). We then analysed FL motivation and family background (household income and parental education) between the three groups. We also compared the FL proficiency levels (listening, reading, speaking, and writing) between the three groups from...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: adquisición de segundas lenguas factores afectivos diferencias individuales

Resumen:

Chinese students are frequently seen as passive learners because of their apparent reluctance to speak, particularly in English classrooms. However, this impression seems to reflect a stereotype which is likely to confound willingness to communicate (WTC) and communication behaviour. In this article we argue for more attention to be paid to individual differences to complement culture-related explanations of differences in WTC. Self-report data on WTC at both trait and state levels and personality characteristics were analysed in relation to L2 language learning performance in a sample of 103 university students. Individual differences in WTC L1 were found to be strongly related to extraversion; whilst individual differences in WTC L2 were associated with openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, rather than...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos motivación expresión oral

Resumen:

Learners’ foreign language engagement (FLEng) plays a crucial role in language acquisition, yet its mediating influence between learner emotions and willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2) remains underexplored. This study investigates how emotional contexts—including positive emotions such as foreign language peace of mind (FLPoM) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE), as well as negative emotions such as foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and foreign language boredom (FLB)—affect English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ L2 WTC. Utilizing the 3D pyramid model of L2 WTC, we analyzed data from 301 participants who completed six questionnaires. The findings revealed that FLPoM, FLE, FLCA, and FLB did not directly influence L2 WTC. However, learners’ FLEng was found to fully mediate the relationships between...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos enseñanza a niños educación primaria y secundaria

Resumen:

The present study sought to understand the nature and level of foreign language (FL) anxiety among primary school students and the relationship between FL anxiety and FL achievement. Changes in FL anxiety across groups of three primary school years were also examined. A total of 631 (324 male, 307 female) primary school students aged 9–11 years completed the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) that measured students’ FL anxiety. Our participants’ FL achievements as measured by low-stakes regular assessments and high-stakes formal examinations were also collected. On average, primary school students reported levels of FL anxiety comparable to those of adults observed in previous studies. Factor analysis on FLCAS generated four components of FL anxiety: communication apprehension, fear of negative evaluation, test anxiety...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial feedback/retroalimentación expresión escrita

Resumen:

Model texts have been widely recognized as an effective feedback instrument in enhancing second-language (L2) writing. Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), capable of producing humanlike text in response to user prompts, offer an accessible and efficient alternative for generating customized model texts tailored to L2 learners’ specific goals and proficiency levels. Despite this potential, little empirical research has examined L2 students’ practice and perceptions of leveraging GenAI for model text creation to support their revision. To address this gap, this study follows a process approach to investigate students’ prompting strategies to elicit AI-generated model texts, their noticing and incorporation of the model text features, and their perceptions of this process. Data were collected from 12 university...

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