Di Zou

As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) transforms language education, teacher educators are uniquely positioned to equip teachers with the skills to engage with artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Although AI offers opportunities for automating tasks and personalizing learning, educators must ensure these tools align with pedagogical integrity, equity, and social justice. This Teaching Issue article explores AI integration in TESOL teacher education using the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) models. Through these frameworks, we show how TESOL teacher educators can...

Engagements with GPT responses and learner prompts in ChatGPT-based learning of English argumentative writing logic and their impacts

Ruofei Zhang, Di Zou, Haoran Xie (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

ChatGPT can be defined as a chatbot powered by OpenAI's GPT language models, which has shown promise in improving English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) writing knowledge and skills. However, its application to developing EFL argumentative writing logic remains largely unexplored, despite the importance of this area. Moreover, existing studies have highlighted deep learner engagement with ChatGPT-based learning but have not examined how engagement varies between two key components of this learning method: GPT responses (GPT's messages to learners) and learner prompts (learners' messages to GPT). To better understand the mechanisms and efficacy of ChatGPT-based learning for EFL argumentative...

Exploring ChatGPT literacy in language education: A global perspective and comprehensive approach

Qing Ma, Peter Crosthwaite, Daner Sun (2024)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

With the widespread use of Generative AI in education, effectively utilizing and integrating it into teaching have become key focal points and challenges in education. Different subjects and target audiences require varied norms and strategies for implementing Generative AI, such as ChatGPT. These differences directly impact the educational integration of Generative AI in various educational contexts. To address these disparities and establish common ground, we propose the concept of ChatGPT literacy to bridge research gaps. In this study, we tailor the concept of ChatGPT literacy specifically for language teachers, aiming to delineate the essential competencies needed to proficiently and...

Preparing pre-service teachers for responsible generative AI use: Curriculum implications for ethics, privacy, and AI literacy

Lucas Kohnke, Di Zou, Chun Lai (2026)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

This study investigated what pre-service teachers should learn about generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) by backtracking from anticipated classroom dilemmas to teacher-education design needs. Through qualitative interviews with 17 pre-service teachers at a Hong Kong university, the research explored perspectives on integrating AI into education, focusing on ethical concerns and pedagogical strategies. Grounded in the interpretivist paradigm, it revealed concerns about academic integrity, privacy and the challenge of maintaining essential human skills in a GenAI-driven educational environment. Although pre-service teachers recognised GenAI's potential to enhance teaching and learning...

Perceived MOOC satisfaction: A review mining approach using machine learning and fine-tuned BERTs

Xieling Chen, Haoran Xie, Di Zou (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

This study investigates the application of machine learning and BERT models to identify topic categories in helpful online course reviews and uncover factors that influence the overall satisfaction of learners in massive open online courses (MOOCs). The research has three main objectives: (1) to assess the effectiveness of machine learning models in classifying review helpfulness, (2) to evaluate the performance of fine-tuned BERT models in identifying review topics, and (3) to explore the factors that influence learner satisfaction across various disciplines. The study uses a MOOC corpus containing 102,184 course reviews from 401 courses across 13 disciplines. The methodology involves...

A scoping review of generative AI-powered agentic AI in education: Research landscape, agentic capabilities, and insights from the frontier agent paradigm, exemplified by OpenClaw

Ningxia Wang, Di Zou, Haoran Xie (2026)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: revisión bibliográfica

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

Generative AI-powered agentic systems are increasingly proposed for educational applications. However, the research landscape remains fragmented, and the relationship between technical capabilities and pedagogical design remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this scoping review systematically mapped 474 studies published between January 2020 and May 2026. Guided by three research questions, we analysed publication characteristics, study designs, agent roles, AI models and architectures, six dimensions of agentic capability, and the extent to which educational theory was incorporated. The results show that the field has expanded rapidly, particularly since 2025. At the same time,...

Exploring the potential of GenAI for personalised English teaching: Learners' experiences and perceptions

Lucas Kohnke, Di Zou, Fan Su (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

Artificial intelligence has become seamlessly integrated into personal, professional, and educational spheres. Generative AI (GenAI), in particular, is revolutionising content creation in second language (L2) writing instruction through advanced machine learning models. This study examines the influence of GenAI on L2 learners' language competencies, focusing on tools commonly used by first-year English for Academic Purposes students. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, including surveys and interviews, this research explored students’ experiences and perceptions of GenAI tools, including Grammarly and Quillbot. The findings revealed that two-thirds of the students (66.7%)...

Application and theory gaps during the rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education

Xieling Chen, Haoran Xie, Di Zou (2020)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: revisión bibliográfica

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

Considering the increasing importance of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) and the absence of a comprehensive review on it, this research aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic review of influential AIEd studies. We analyzed 45 articles in terms of annual distribution, leading journals, institutions, countries/regions, the most frequently used terms, as well as theories and technologies adopted. We also evaluated definitions of AIEd from broad and narrow perspectives and clarified the relationship among AIEd, Educational Data Mining, Computer-Based Education, and Learning Analytics. Results indicated that: 1) there was a continuingly increasing interest in and impact of...

Preparing future educators for AI-enhanced classrooms: Insights into AI literacy and integration

Lucas Kohnke, Di Zou, Amy Wanyu Ou (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

The rapid transformation of educational practice by artificial intelligence (AI) requires that teacher-education programmes prepare pre-service teachers to integrate AI into their teaching. This qualitative study explores pre-service teachers' perceptions of AI integration in education and identifies the support they need to develop AI literacy. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 pre-service teachers and used thematic analysis to interpret the data. Our findings revealed that these future educators recognised AI's potential to enhance personalised learning and increase classroom efficiency but worried about relying on AI too much and losing the human element in teaching. The...

Exploring generative artificial intelligence preparedness among university language instructors: A case study

Lucas Kohnke, Benjamin Luke Moorhouse, Di Zou (2023)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: inteligencia artificial

Resumen:

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in English language teaching presents opportunities and challenges for instructors. This study explores the attitudes of higher education English language instructors towards generative AI tools, their intentions to use them and the institutional support and professional development necessary to teach and learn with them. As the field continues to evolve rapidly, it is essential to comprehend the readiness of front-line language instructors. This qualitative interpretive study seeks to identify the digital competencies and pedagogical knowledge required to implement generative AI in education and provide guidance for the design of...