Tipo: artículo

Metodología: trabajo teórico

Temas: input atención a la forma cognición y procesamiento

Resumen:

The concept of input to the language learner is examined with reference to some current theorizing about language processing and the idea of modular systems of knowledge. The question of what this can tell us about the actions taken by teachers and textbook writers is addressed specifically with regard to manipulating, or “enhancing,” the input ideally so that it will affect learner knowledge and thereby learner behavior. The logic of the argumentation is that, in exposing the learner to the second language, we are engaging a whole battery of different processing mechanisms. Input enhancement research and the conclusions drawn from it have to be set within the context of a modular view of language and language learning.

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: revisión bibliográfica

Temas: atención a la forma adquisición de segundas lenguas gramática

Resumen:

The extent to which form-focused instruction contributes to the acquisition of second language implicit knowledge is controversial. Whereas Krashen (1993) has argued that the effects of FFI on acquisition are peripheral, N. Ellis (this issue) sees FFI as facilitative and even necessary for developing implicit L2 knowledge. This article examines the role of FFI in developing implicit knowledge by reviewing 11 studies that have examined the effect of FFI on learners’ free production. The review suggests that FFI can contribute to the acquisition of implicit knowledge and points to two variables that appear to influence its success—the choice of the target structure and the extent of the instruction. FFI involving extensive instruction directed at “simple” structures was more likely to succeed. However, limited instruction directed at...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: input gramática cognición y procesamiento

Resumen:

In this paper we describe an experiment in explicit instruction that compares traditional form-focused instruction and what we call processing instruction. Traditional instruction involves explanation and output practice of a grammatical point. Processing instruction involves explanation and practice/experience processing input data, taking learner strategies in input processing as the starting point for determining what explicit instruction should look like. Pretest and posttest measures involving both a sentence-level interpretation (comprehension) task and a sentence-level production task were submitted to an analysis of variance. Results reveal significant gains in both comprehension and production for subjects who experienced processing instruction. For those experiencing traditional instruction, significant gains were made in...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: feedback/retroalimentación interacción enfoque por tareas

Resumen:

This study examines the role of task-based conversation in second language (L2) grammatical development, focusing on the short-term effects of both negative feedback and positive evidence on the acquisition of two Japanese structures. The data are drawn from 55 L2 learners of Japanese at a beginning level of proficiency in an Australian tertiary institution. Five different types of interactional moves made by native speaker interlocutors during task-based interaction were identified, by way of which learners received implicit negative feedback and positive evidence about the two target structures. The relative frequency of each interactional move type was calculated, and associated changes in the learners’ performance on immediate and delayed posttests were examined. It was found that, although native speaker interactional moves...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: study abroad/estudios en el extranjero adquisición de segundas lenguas gramática

Resumen:

Compara el desarrollo morfosintáctico y léxico de estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses de español según el contexto de aprendizaje: un semestre de estancia en el extranjero en Alicante frente a un semestre de aula en la universidad de origen.

Método: análisis de un corpus de entrevistas orales (OPI) antes y después, con medidas de complejidad sintáctica, corrección morfológica y riqueza y densidad léxicas. Resultado: los estudiantes de estancia aventajan a los de aula en variedad léxica y en narratividad, pero no en el desarrollo gramatical, donde el grupo de aula obtiene mejores resultados. El artículo forma parte del número monográfico de la revista dedicado al study abroad.

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: feedback/retroalimentación interacción análisis de errores

Resumen:

This article presents a study of corrective feedback and learner uptake (i.e., responses to feedback) in four immersion classrooms at the primary level. Transcripts totaling 18.3 hours of classroom interaction taken from 14 subject-matter lessons and 13 French language arts lessons were analyzed using a model developed for the study and comprising the various moves in an error treatment sequence. Results include the frequency and distribution of the six different feedback types used by the four teachers, in addition to the frequency and distribution of different types of learner uptake following each feedback type. The findings indicate an overwhelming tendency for teachers to use recasts in spite of the latter’s ineffectiveness at eliciting student-generated repair. Four other feedback types—elicitation, metalinguistic feedback,...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: study abroad/estudios en el extranjero expresión oral cognición y procesamiento

Resumen:

Estudio sobre la adquisición de la fluidez oral en español por estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses, comparando un semestre en Alicante con un semestre en la universidad de origen.

Método: medidas objetivas de fluidez extraídas de entrevistas orales (velocidad de habla, longitud de las secuencias entre pausas, distribución de las pausas), combinadas con pruebas de procesamiento léxico y con un registro del contacto real con la lengua fuera del aula. Resultado: la estancia produce ganancias de fluidez, pero solo en quienes partían de un umbral cognitivo y de competencia suficiente, y el simple hecho de estar en el país no basta: lo que predice la mejora es la cantidad y el tipo de contacto y la eficiencia del procesamiento léxico previo.

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: feedback/retroalimentación interacción adquisición de segundas lenguas

Resumen:

Swain’s (1985, 1995, 2000) output hypothesis states that language production is facilitative of second language (L2) learning. An important component of the output hypothesis involves pushing learners to produce appropriate, accurate, and complex language (Swain, 1993), which may occur when interlocutors provide learners with negative feedback. When learners modify their previous utterances in response to negative feedback, learning opportunities are created by both the provision of negative feedback and the production of modified output. Consequently, it is difficult to determine how these interactional features—alone or in combination—positively impact L2 development. The current study examines the impact of negative feedback and learners’ responses on English as a second language (ESL) question development, which is operationalized...

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