Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: motivación

Resumen:

This study leverages positive psychology (PP) to explore the reciprocal relationships among foreign language enjoyment (FLE), ideal L2 self, and grit in English major learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). It further examines the potential for growth mindset to predict these constructs over time. Employing a cross-lagged panel design, the research investigates these relationships among 903 EFL learners in Iran, assessed at two time points. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized to analyse the hypothesized reciprocal and predictive effects. The findings reveal a significant lagged effect of ideal L2 self on both FLE and grit, suggesting that a stronger ideal L2 self at the initial assessment predicts higher levels of FLE and grit at the subsequent time point. Additionally, growth mindset exhibits a significant...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos

Resumen:

The present study investigated how second or foreign language (L2) learners cope with boredom in class, using Q methodology. The participants were 40 undergraduate English majors (12 male, 28 female). By-person factor analysis identified three coping profiles, namely, acceptors , escapers , and strivers . The acceptors viewed coping as a personal responsibility and acknowledged boredom as a natural and temporary emotion. These learners reminded themselves of the value of the lesson, reflected on the causes of boredom, and planned to prepare for future situations, showing a reflective and mindful attitude. The escapers tackled boredom through mental or behavioral disengagement. They tended to distract themselves or share their feelings with peers. While they avoided confronting boredom directly, they neither blamed themselves nor the...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: enseñanza/aprendizaje de lenguas

Resumen:

Although boredom can be regarded as a ubiquitous emotion in most educational settings, including foreign and second language classrooms, and this condition can have a detrimental effect on the process of learning, it has to a large extent escaped the attention of second language acquisition researchers dealing with individual learner differences. The study reported in this article sought to fill this gap by investigating the trajectories of boredom exhibited in a practical English class by 11 Polish university students majoring in English. The data were collected by means of a background questionnaire, the Boredom in Practical English Language Classes Questionnaire (BPELC), and an in-class boredom questionnaire, including a self-report boredom grid, an open-ended query and an evaluation of the class based on a semantic differential...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: diferencias individuales

Resumen:

Although the number of studies into grit in second/foreign language (L2) learning is on the rise, available empirical evidence is still scant, particularly in relation to links between the two facets of (L2) grit (i.e. perseverance and interest), positive (i.e. enjoyment, curiosity) and negative (i.e. in-class and after-class boredom, anxiety) emotions as well as motivation. In addition, most research has been quantitative in nature and has mainly targeted Asian contexts. In order to fill these gaps, a mixed-methods study was undertaken among English majors and English student teachers in Hungary. It aimed to: (1) characterize the participants in terms of the variables under investigation, (2) identify their profiles in relation to general grit and L2 grit, and (3) determine the differences between the identified clusters with respect...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos

Resumen:

Although boredom has been the subject of increasing scrutiny in second language (L2) learning recently, very little is known about how this emotion can affect teachers and students involved in Covid-19 prompted online English education. To address this gap, through maximum variation sampling, this qualitative study surveyed the opinions of 34 teachers and 256 students from universities across Iran to find out which class mode (online versus physical classes) and course type (content-based versus skills-based courses) were more boring, and what – if any – coping strategies these individuals used to get over boredom. The majority of teachers and students deemed online classes more boring than traditional, in-person classes. While teachers regarded skills-based and content-based courses as equally boring, most students believed that...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos

Resumen:

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Second and foreign language (L2) learning boredom has triggered a spate of studies in recent years. Researchers have also developed instruments that tap into this emotion. However, such tools contain many items, may be culture-specific, or have a disputed factor structure. To address these shortcomings, we aimed to develop and validate a short version of the 23-item Boredom in Practical English Classes-Revised (BPELC-R) Scale. A dataset from 1,254 students in degree programs in English from different countries (i.e., Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Poland) was used. Data were split into two groups, and the first sample was used to develop the short-form measure, with principal component analysis (PCA)...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos

Resumen:

The present research aimed to explore the dynamic growth of two emotional constructs: foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language learning boredom (FLLB) among L2 learners. To do so, we used a method that would capture the inherent dynamicity of L2 learners’ enjoyment and boredom during an EFL course. To this aim, a bivariate latent growth curve model (LGCM) was employed to examine the covariance between 412 EFL learners’ initial and growth levels of FLE and FLLB on four measurement occasions at two-week intervals. To collect the data, the original FLE scale and the newly developed FLLB scale were used. The model including the covariance between intercepts and slopes of FLE and FLLB was tested in Mplus 7. The analysis of the data revealed that the covariance between the intercept and slope of the FLE and FLLB was...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos

Resumen:

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In line with current trends in the field to reduce the number of items in scales and to provide thorough validation evidence, the study aimed to develop and validate a short-form version of the 21-item Boredom in Learning English Outside of School (BLEOS) scale. A multinational dataset of n = 1,133 participants was divided into two samples: the first sample was used to develop the Short-form Boredom in Learning English Outside of School (S-BLEOS) scale while the second sample was used to validate the scale. Development efforts included examining the underlying factor structure of the 21-item scale and selecting items through a combination of factor loadings, item reliabilities, and inter-item...

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos

Resumen:

The present study examines the direct and indirect relationships between classroom environment (CE), L2 (second/foreign language) learner emotions (i.e. enjoyment, anxiety and boredom), and their willingness to communicate (WTC) in classes for English as a foreign language (EFL). Participants were 2,268 university students in China. Pearson correlation analyses showed significant correlations between CE, L2 emotions, and WTC, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. In addition, the three L2 emotions were found to mediate the relationship between CE and WTC in parallel, with enjoyment having the largest mediating effect, followed by anxiety and boredom. The findings offer insights into how to improve students’ WTC in an L2.

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: factores afectivos

Resumen:

In the present study, we developed and tested the psychometric properties of the Second or Foreign Language Boredom Coping Strategies Scale, an instrument for measuring language learners’ coping strategies in response to the experience of boredom. The research is based on a four-dimensional model of coping mechanisms, which includes the behavioral approach, cognitive approach, behavioral avoidance, and cognitive avoidance. Each factor comprises three subcomponents, which delineate the diverse strategies learners adopt to mitigate boredom in language learning contexts. The scale was tested using a sample of 363 learners of English as a foreign language at the tertiary level. The factorial structure was analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling to verify the construct validity of the...

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