estudio experimental

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Resumen:

This study explores the cognitive processing of discourse construction mechanisms in Spanish, focusing on counter-argumentative relations that involve anaphoric encapsulation through either pronominal (e.g., a pesar de ello) or lexical forms (e.g., a pesar de [NP]). These constructions combine procedural meaning with referential retrieval, placing complex demands on discourse integration. Using eye-tracking data from 77 participants across three speaker groups, namely, L1, heritage, and L2 speakers, this study yields three main findings: (1) nominal expressions do not incur greater processing effort than pronominal ones under optimal communicative conditions; (2) heritage and L2 speakers exhibit higher processing...

The effects of proactive form-focused instruction and individual differences on second language acquisition

Andrew H. Lee (2024)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: enseñanza/aprendizaje de la gramática

Resumen:

This study investigated the extent to which second language (L2) learners benefited from proactive form-focused instruction (FFI) targeting French grammatical gender attribution and the degree to which L2 learners' attention control and working memory predicted their learning gains. A total of 102 L2 learners received either proactive FFI targeting French grammatical gender attribution or their regular instruction (i.e. control condition) for six 80-minute instructional sessions. A pretest, an immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest were administered, each entailing binary-choice, text-completion, picture-description, and listening tasks. The L2 learners also completed the Simon Test and the Corsi Block-Tapping Test, which measured their attention control and working memory. Results showed that L2 learners receiving the proactive...

La activación de la información fonológica en aprendientes de segundas lenguas por medio de imágenes

Alma Luz Rodríguez Lázaro, Natalia Arias Trejo (2023)

Estudios de Lingüística Aplicada

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: cognición y procesamiento

Resumen:

Investigaciones sobre activación del léxico han mostrado que cuando se escucha una palabra existe una activación de la fonología. Asimismo, estudios en bilingües señalan que la fonología se activa inicialmente para decodificar e integrar la información de las palabras en la segunda lengua (L2). El objetivo central de este trabajo fue describir si la información fonológica de aprendientes universitarios de una segunda lengua sin experiencia de inmersión es activada inicialmente en una tarea de preferencia visual. En la tarea se presentaban de forma simultánea cuatro estímulos visuales (un competidor fonológico, un competidor semántico, un competidor de rasgos visuales y un distractor)...

Variability in the Online Processing of Subject–Verb Number Agreement in Spanish as a Heritage Language: The Role of Lexical Frequency

Jill Jegerski, Sara Fernández Cuenca (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Resumen:

This eye tracking study examined the role of lexical frequency in the processing of non-local verbal number agreement by heritage speakers of Spanish. Few prior studies of heritage bilingualism have investigated the role of word frequency in the comprehension or production of morphosyntax, and none have employed a real-time measure of sentence processing, despite the well-known sensitivity of such methods to word frequency and the proposal of some scholars that such online methodologies could be particularly useful in research on heritage speakers. Fifty heritage speakers of Spanish read stimulus sentences containing non-local verbal number agreement that depended on a verb that was either high or low frequency,...

Improving second language vocabulary learning and retention by leveraging memory enhancement techniques: A multidomain pedagogical approach

Nur Basak Karatas, Oya Özemir, Jarrett T. Lovelett (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: enseñanza/aprendizaje de vocabulario

Resumen:

We investigated whether learning and retaining vocabulary in a second language (L2) can be improved by leveraging a combination of memory enhancement techniques. Specifically, we tested whether combining retrieval practice, spacing, and related manipulations in a 'multidomain' pedagogical approach enhances vocabulary acquisition as compared to a typical learning approach. In a classroom-laboratory design, 48 Turkish university students studying L2 English were trained on 64 English words over 17 days. They were assigned to either a 'typical' study regimen of (re)studying the words on the first day (initial study) and last day (cramming) of training, or an 'optimized' regimen of retrieval practice (retrieving the words), moreover with feedback, spaced throughout the period, moreover with expanding gaps. The target words were tested...

Expresión e interacción orales y autoevaluación: estudio descriptivo y de intervención con hablantes avanzados de español como lengua adicional

Marta Francisca Nogueroles López (2024)

RAEL - Revista Electrónica de Lingüística Aplicada

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: expresión oral

Resumen:

El presente artículo recoge dos estudios que, conjuntamente, abordan el papel de la autoevaluación en la expresión e interacción orales en español como lengua adicional. El primero de ellos es un estudio de intervención centrado en el desarrollo de la autoevaluación sobre la competencia oral de los participantes (diez hablantes de español como lengua adicional de nivel avanzado); mientras que el segundo constituye un estudio descriptivo focalizado en la expresión e interacción orales a través de la técnica de recuerdo estimulado. Los objetivos que nos planteamos son, en primer lugar, analizar los efectos de la intervención implementada sobre la capacidad de expresión e interacción orales en español de los...

Lost and Found? Shifts in Heritage Speakers' Processing of Mood Morphology over the Course of a Semester Abroad

David Giancaspro, Sara Fernández Cuenca (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Resumen:

Of the few studies that have investigated the linguistic development of heritage speakers (HSs) in the study abroad (SA) context, none have utilized on-line experiments, in spite of these tasks' clear methodological benefits. In this study, therefore, we test HSs' on-line sensitivity to lexically selected mood morphology in Spanish. Ten adult HSs completed a self-paced reading task at the beginning and end of a fifteen-week-long SA program in Spain. The task assessed both (a) whether HSs were sensitive to mood incongruencies (e.g., by slowing down after ungrammatical verbs) and (b) whether that (in)sensitivity was different with regular vs. irregular verbs. It was hypothesized that participants would be more...

The effects of task complexity and task repetition on sense-aware frequency-based lexical sophistication indices in L2 writing

Mahmoud Abdi Tabari, Xiaofei Lu, Renfen Hu (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: enfoque por tareas

Resumen:

Research on task-based second-language (L2) writing has largely focused on investigating how task complexity (TC) affects various aspects of written production. However, this body of research has rarely examined the effect of task repetition, either on its own or in interaction with TC. Additionally, studies have predominantly used traditional frequency-based measures of lexical sophistication, without incorporating more nuanced, sense-aware indices that could offer a deeper understanding of linguistic complexity. This study aims to explore and compare the impact of TC, task repetition, and their interaction on lexical sophistication in L2 writing, using both traditional and sense-aware frequency-based indices. Ninety-six participants completed two argumentative essays on simple and complex tasks in counterbalanced order, twice over...

Debate as a pedagogical tool for developing speaking skills in second language education

Abid el Majidi, Rick de Graaff, Daniel Janssen (2024)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Temas: expresión oral

Resumen:

Many secondary school students' second language (L2) speaking skills suffer from deficiencies; the effects thereof are detrimental to their academic and career opportunities in a globalized world that highlights the importance of oral communication skills. Debate has been considered a potentially effective speaking pedagogical tool that can scaffold learning processes in ways that can lead to language development. This study investigates the effect of a debate intervention on English L2 speaking competence of Dutch secondary school students. Following a pretest–posttest control group design, we elicited speech samples from opinion tasks which we coded in terms of measures of speech quantity, fluency, complexity, accuracy and cohesion. Multilevel analysis results indicate that after the intervention, the intervention group produced...

The Role of Determiners in the Processing of Gender Agreement Morphology by Heritage Speakers of Spanish

Danny Melendez, Jill Jegerski, Silvina Andrea Montrul (2025)

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Tipo: artículo

Metodología: estudio empírico

Resumen:

This eye-tracking study examined how heritage speakers of Spanish process gender agreement morphology at a distance, focusing on the activation of the gender feature during sentence processing. Previous work is conceptually replicated and further extended by assessing (1) whether reduced sensitivity to gender agreement mismatches when another word intervenes between the head noun and its modifying adjective stems from weakened gender feature activation, (2) whether a gender-marked determiner enhances this activation, and (3) whether Age of Onset of Bilingualism (AOB) plays a role in this activation. Fifty-three English-dominant heritage speakers of Spanish and a comparison group of 32 Spanish-dominant monolingually...