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Although new technologies are embedded in students’ lives today, there is often an assumption that their use is transparent, inconsequential, or a distraction. This book combines complex systems theory with sociocultural theory and the multimodal theory of communication, providing an innovative theoretical framework to examine how communication and meaning-making in the language classroom have developed over time, how technology impacts on meaning-making, and what the implications are for learners, teachers, institutions and policy makers. Recent studies provide evidence for the disruptive effect of technology which has resulted in a phase shift that is reshaping language education by creating new interaction patterns, allowing for multimodal communication, and introducing real-world communication into the classroom. The book proposes ways of responding to this shift before concluding that the new technologies are radically transforming the way we learn. It is likely to appeal to a range of readers, including students, academics, teachers and policy-makers.

Contenidos

• Introduction
• Theoretical Framework
• Human Meaning-Making: Communication Tools and Modes and Epistemic Practices
• Computer-Mediated Communication and Meaning-Making in the Language Classroom: Disruptions in Learning and Teaching
• What If?
• Implications for Teaching and for Research
• Conclusion

This article lies within the field of applied cognitive linguistics (ACL) and presents empirical work that addresses overlooked effects of assessment typology in second language (L2) learning. It examines whether pairing a cognitive instructional approach with matching assessment design results in greater learning outcomes over the more pervasive notional-functional approaches. The last two decades have witnessed a proliferation of empirical research measuring the effectiveness of ACL-based teaching approaches, yet studies have only been partly fruitful in eliciting data that truly favors ACL. We argue that this is largely due to assessment design, which typically measures performance via correct vs. incorrect tasks. To overcome this caveat, two studies addressing the complex Spanish psych-verb construction (e.g. gustar ‘to like’) were conducted following a pretest/posttest/delayed-posttest design for three empirical conditions (control, cognitive, and traditional): a pilot study (n = 59) and a larger replication (n = 160). Data collection entailed ACL-based assessment for interpretation and production tasks. Results showed that after instruction, the cognitive group significantly outperformed the traditional counterpart in both tasks. These findings lend support to the effectiveness of pairing cognitive instruction and cognitive assessment for difficult grammatical constructions.

This book brings together 18 theoretical and empirical chapters that analyse the role of emotion (expression, perception, processing) and identity (notions and representations, construction, conflict) in the process of learning a second language. Studies on the differences in emotionality between L1 and L2 suggest that in L2 there is an alteration that, in many cases, manifests itself as a decrease in the affective load, which can lead to a certain indifference to the emotional content transmitted and to a lesser involvement in communication. It is also known that emotion plays a fundamental role in the construction of identity in a second language in the shaping of the self that feels and communicates and in the ability to cope with the learning process.

Most of the studies have focused on the understanding of these issues in balanced bilingual speakers, but there is little evidence on their functioning in speakers with other degrees of proficiency (the case of second language learners) and on their role in the learning process. Better understanding this question is fundamental for the improvement of everything related to second language acquisition. We need new and innovative approaches that lead to more effective programs, increased interest in language learning and the consolidation of multilingual societies.

Índice
Introduction

Processing of emotionality in languages

The effects of emotionality on syntactic processing: Neural and behavioural evidence

Acquisition, assessment and processing of emotional words in children

Words and emotions in healthy and pathological aging

The impact of language proficiency, cultural contact and attitudes on valence and arousal in Spanish as a second language

The effect of language status, immersion and cultural integration level on the emotionality of emotion words in Spanish

Processing accented speech in foreign language learning: Support for exemplar-based memory models in spoken language processing

Unconscious attention and facial expressions in the retrieval of L2 lexical memory

Emotional communication in second languages

Writing about positive and negative topics in Spanish as a heritage or second language

Emotions and identities in linguistic autobiographies: Uncovering Spanish heritage speakers’ critical language awareness

Expressing the cause of emotions in Spanish L1/L2: Forms and meanings

Gamification as a methodological strategy for the development of emotional competence in Spanish as a foreign language: Academic self-efficacy, achievement emotions and language learning

Emotionality and identity construction in L2 learning

The perception of identity and emotionality in Spanish L2

Self-evaluation, self-assessment and self-concept in a native or foreign language

‘When I speak in Spanish, I’m not myself’: The development of linguistic identity in learners of Spanish in non-immersion contexts

Linguistic identities and emotions in the construction and development of the language learner interself

A performative language teaching approach in connection with emotion and identity

Texto completo

At the turn of the new millennium, in an article published in Language Teaching Research in 2000, Dörnyei and Kormos proposed that ‘active learner engagement is a key concern’ for all instructed language learning. Since then, language engagement research has increased exponentially. In this article, we present a systematic review of 20 years of language engagement research. To ensure robust coverage, we searched 21 major journals on second language acquisition (SLA) and applied linguistics and identified 112 reports satisfying our inclusion criteria. The results of our analysis of these reports highlighted the adoption of heterogeneous methods and conceptual frameworks in the language engagement literature, as well as indicating a need to refine the definitions and operationalizations of engagement in both quantitative and qualitative research. Based on these findings, we attempted to clarify some lingering ambiguity around fundamental definitions, and to more clearly delineate the scope and target of language engagement research. We also discuss future avenues to further advance understanding of the nature, mechanisms, and outcomes resulting from engagement in language learning.

El profesor y doctor Brian Tomlinson está considerado como uno de los mayores expertos mundiales en el desarrollo de materiales para el aprendizaje de lenguas. A lo largo de su vida ha trabajado como profesor, formador de profesores, redactor curricular y docente universitario en Japón, Indonesia, Nigeria, Singapur, el Reino Unido, Vanuatu y Zambia. También es fundador y presidente de la Asociación para el desarrollo de materiales (Materials Development Association, MATSDA), una organización internacional sin ánimo de lucro que reúne a investigadores, editores, redactores y docentes para colaborar conjuntamente en el desarrollo de materiales de calidad para el aprendizaje de lenguas.

This study investigates experiences and investments in Spanish language learning among African American graduates of a university in the southeastern US. In response to evidence of African American underrepresentation in this field, findings will forward those factors which may encourage advanced Spanish study and create a sense of belonging as learners and speakers. Data emerges from eight language learning autobiographies, each written by a self-identifying African American who completed a Spanish major or minor at university. Inductive coding and narrative analysis methods yield the following themes: (1) Limited family/community connections to TL speakers, but wide family interest/support for language learning; (2) Inspiring teachers, formal learning environments, and content, but with significant content omissions; (3) Navigation of racialization in classrooms and TL communities and (4) Learning Spanish shapes career paths, provides empowerment and self-understanding. Findings ultimately suggest that family support and positive experiences during formal learning can encourage continued study, and some learners navigate acute obstacles relating to racialization. The data further evidences the necessity for culturally relevant and social justice pedagogies which facilitate inclusive learning communities and curricular revision. Such revisions would include content representative of African-descended people, histories, and cultures; and an understanding of racialization in the Spanish-speaking world.

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Este estudio investiga las experiencias y el compromiso con el aprendizaje del español entre personas afroamericanas, graduadas de una universidad en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos. Dada la subrepresentación de los afroamericanos en este campo, se examinan los factores que puedan alentar el estudio avanzado del español y crear un sentido de pertenencia como estudiantes y hablantes. Los datos consisten en ocho autobiografías de aprendizaje de lenguas, cada una escrita por una persona que se autoidentifica como afroamericano y que completó una especialización principal o secundaria en español en la universidad entre 2010 y 2019. De los métodos de codificación inductiva y análisis narrativo surgen los siguientes temas: (1) Conexiones limitadas con hablantes de lengua meta (LM) en familias y comunidades; apoyo familiar para el aprendizaje de idiomas; (2) Instructores, entornos de aprendizaje formal y contenido alentadores; omisiones de contenido significativas (3) Manejo de racialización en el aula y en comunidades LM en el extranjero; (4) Aprender español influye en trayectorias profesionales, brinda empoderamiento y autocomprensión. Los resultados sugieren que el apoyo familiar y las experiencias positivas con el aprendizaje formal alentaron el estudio avanzado del español y algunos participantes superaron obstáculos relacionados con la racialización. Los datos respaldan la necesidad de implementar pedagogías culturalmente relevantes y de justicia social que facilitan comunidades de aprendizaje inclusivas, así como la revisión curricular para incluir a sujetos, culturas e historias afrodescendientes; y promover la comprensión de la racialización en el mundo hispanohablante.

Different methods to acquire a language can contribute differently to learning success. In the present study we tested the success of L2 stress contrasts acquisition, when ab initio learners were taught or not about the theoretic nature of L2 stress contrasts. In two 4-hour perceptual training methods, French-speaking listeners received either (a) explicit instructions about Spanish stress patterns and perception activities commonly used in L2 pronunciation courses or (b) no explicit instructions and a unique perception activity, a shape/word matching task. Results showed that French-speaking listeners improved their ability to identify and discriminate stress contrasts in Spanish after training. However, there was no significant difference between explicit and non-explicit training nor was there an effect on stress processing under different phonetic variability conditions. This suggests that in L2 stress acquisition, non-explicit training may benefit ab initio learners as much as explicit instruction and activities used in L2 pronunciation courses.