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Bibliografía - inglés

Ronald Langacker (2008)

Cognitive Grammar is a radical alternative to the formalist theories that have dominated linguistic theory during the last half century. Instead of an objectivist semantics based on truth conditions or logical deduction, it adopts a conceptualist semantics based on human experience, our capacity to construe situations in alternate ways, and processes of imagination and mental construction. A conceptualist semantics makes possible an account of grammar which views it as being inherently meaningful (rather than an autonomous formal system). Grammar forms a continuum with lexicon, residing in assemblies of symbolic structures, i.e. pairings of conceptual structures and symbolizing phonological structures. Thus all grammatical elements are meaningful. It is shown in detail how Cognitive Grammar handles the major problems a theory of grammar has to deal with: grammatical classes, constructions, the relationship of grammar and lexicon, the capturing of regularities, and imposition of the proper restrictions. It is further shown how the framework applies to central domains of language structure: deixis, nominal structure, clausal structure, and complex sentences. Consideration is also given to discourse, the temporal dimension of grammar, and what it reveals about cognitive processes and the construction of our mental world.

Cognitive Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Theories, Assessment and Pedagogy

Zhisheng (Edward) Wen, Richard L. Sparks, Adriana Biedroń, Mark Feng Teng (2023)

This book presents comprehensive, thorough and updated analyses of key cognitive individual difference factors (e.g., age, intelligence, language aptitude, working memory, metacognition, learning strategies, and anxiety) as they relate to the acquisition, processing, assessment, and pedagogy of second or foreign languages. Critical reviews and in-depth research syntheses of these pivotal cognitive learner factors are put into historical and broader contexts, drawing upon the multiple authors' extensive research experience, penetrating insights and unique perspectives spanning applied linguistics, teacher training, educational psychology, and cognitive science. The carefully crafted chapters provide essential course readings and valuable references for seasoned researchers and aspiring postgraduate students in the broad fields of instructed second language acquisition, foreign language training, teacher education, language pedagogy, educational psychology, and cognitive development.

Contenidos
Frontmatter
Acknowledgments
Contents

Foreword
Peter Skehan

1. SLA and Individual Differences: An Overview
Zhisheng (Edward) Wen and Richard L. Sparks

PART I: AGE, INTELLIGENCE, APTITUDE AND AFFECT
2. The Age Factor and the Critical Period Hypothesis
Adriana Biedron

3. Intelligence
Adriana Biedron

4. Foreign Language Aptitude
Adriana Biedron

5. Language Aptitude, Psychological and Affective Factors

Adriana Biedron

PART II: MEMORY, ATTENTION AND NOTICING
6. Phonological and Executive Working Memory
Zhisheng (Edward) Wen

7. Consciousness, Attention and Noticing
Zhisheng (Edward) Wen

PART III: LEARNING STRATEGIES, METACOGNITION AND SELF- REGULATION
8. Language Learning Strategies
Mark Feng Teng

9. Metacognition
Mark Feng Teng

10. Self-Regulation
Mark Feng Teng

PART IV: L2 SKILLS, LEARNING DIFFICULTIES, AND ANXIETY
11. L2 Reading and Writing Skills
Richard L. Sparks

12. L2 Learning Difficulties and Disabilities
Richard L. Sparks

13. L2 Anxiety: An Affective Factor or a Linguistic Variable?
Richard L. Sparks

EPILOGUE
14. Individual Differences in SLA–Looking Back and Looking Forward
Richard Sparks and Zhisheng (Edward) Wen

Author Profiles

Index

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment - Companion Volume

Consejo de Europa (2020)

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR) is part of the Council of Europe’s continuing work to ensure quality inclusive education as a right of all citizens. This update to the CEFR, first published online in 2018 in English and French as the “CEFR Companion Volume with New Descriptors”, updates and extends the CEFR, which was published as a book in 2001 and which is available in 40 languages at the time of writing. With this new, user-friendly version, the Council of Europe responds to the many comments that the 2001 edition was a very complex document that many language professionals found difficult to access. The key aspects of the CEFR vision are therefore explained in Chapter 2, which elaborates the key notions of the CEFR as a vehicle for promoting quality in second/foreign language teaching and learning as well as in plurilingual and intercultural education. The updated and extended version of the CEFR illustrative descriptors contained in this publication replaces the 2001 version of them.

This publication is the product of a project of the Education Policy Division of the Council of Europe. The focus in that project was to update the CEFR’s illustrative descriptors by:

highlighting certain innovative areas of the CEFR for which no descriptor scales had been provided in the set of descriptors published in 2001, but which have become increasingly relevant over the past 20 years, especially mediation and plurilingual/pluricultural competence;
building on the successful implementation and further development of the CEFR, for example by more fully defining “plus levels” and a new “Pre-A1” level;
responding to demands for more elaborate descriptions of listening and reading in existing scales, and for descriptors for other communicative activities such as online interaction, using telecommunications, and expressing reactions to creative texts (including literature);
enriching description at A1, and at the C levels, particularly C2;
adapting the descriptors to make them gender-neutral and “modality-inclusive” (and so applicable also to sign languages), sometimes by changing verbs and sometimes by offering the alternatives “speaker/signer”.

Versión en español

Common Ground: Second Language Acquisition Theory Goes to the Classroom

Florencia Henshaw, Maris Hawkins (2022)

Índice
A major challenge in language teacher education is finding materials that clearly articulate the common ground among theoretical concepts, research findings, and classroom practices. This book aims to help educators make a direct connection between second language acquisition (SLA) principles and the reality of language classrooms. Rather than trying to address every aspect of SLA and pedagogy, which would result in an overwhelming amount of information, the goal of this book is to help world language educators understand how they can develop materials or implement classroom strategies that are informed by core principles of SLA. This book was authored with language educators in mind, first and foremost. Key concepts are explained in a straightforward way, as if the authors were having a conversation with the readers. Each chapter is divided into the following sections:

What Do I Need to Know? This section presents must-know information and concepts that should guide pedagogical practices.
What Does It Look Like in the Classroom? This section provides several examples to help readers visualize how to apply the principles and ideas discussed in the first section.
Now That You Know: This section includes reflection, expansion, and application questions that could be used in a course, a reading group, or just to ignite a conversation via social media.

Context effects in second language acquisition: formal instruction, study abroad and immersion classrooms

Carmen Pérez Vidal, Sonia López-Serrano, Jennifer Ament, Dakota J. Thomas-Wilhelm (2018)

En Learning context effects: Study abroad; formal instruction and international immersion classrooms

The aim of this introduction is to set the scene and present the three contexts on focus in the monograph and justify this choice of topic within second language acquisition (SLA) research, the perspective taken in this volume. Starting with the latter, in the past two decades the examination of the effects of different contexts of acquisition has attracted the attention of researchers, based on the idea that “the study of SLA within and across various contexts of learning forces a broadening of our perspective of the different variables that affect and impede acquisition in general” (Collentine & Freed 2004: 157).

Core Prosodic Features for the teaching of Spanish prosody to speakers of Swedish

Berit Aronsson (2016)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 3.1

Based on previous research, this paper aims to provide the first steps towards a model for the teaching of Spanish prosody to Swedish learners by identifying main prosodic characteristics, referred to as Core Prosodic Features (CPFs), for the teaching of Spanish in a Swedish setting. The study addresses salient prosodic features of L1 Spanish in comparison to L1 Swedish, and discusses whether the Swedish L1 features are likely to be transferred into L2 Spanish. Another central issue of the paper is whether such transfer is likely to interfere with communication. Three Prosodic Core Features are identified: (1) focal-accent location, (2) vowel duration patterns, and (3) prosodic patterns in rising boundary tones.

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El presente trabajo propone establecer una primera etapa en el desarrollo de un modelo para la enseñanza de la prosodia del español a estudiantes suecos, y su principal objetivo es el de identificar una serie de características prosódicas fundamentales —Core Prosodic Features (CPFs)— relevantes para la enseñanza del español en un contexto suecohablante. Debido a su transcendencia comunicativa, es necesario prestar especial atención a todos estos rasgos en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. Se identifican tres características: (1) la colocación del acento focal a nivel sintagmático, (2) los patrones de duración vocálica y (3) los patrones prosódicos relativos a los tonos de frontera.

Cultural and pragmatic aspects of L2 Spanish for academic purposes: new data on the current state of the question

Lourdes Sánchez-López (2018)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 5.2

In the 21st century, international mobility of university students is at an all-time high due to the proliferation of international exchange agreements between institutions around the globe as well as the increased popularity of long-established reciprocal programs. Consequently, courses in language for academic purposes (LAP) have multiplied in recent times to prepare students linguistically to study academic content in an L2. However, in Spanish-speaking universities there are pragmatic and cultural conventions that foreign students need to recognize in order to function appropriately and successfully during their period of study. This article presents the results of an international survey completed by university teachers of L2 Spanish in nine countries in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. The aim of the questionnaire was to investigate the current state of formal instruction of cultural and pragmatic aspects of L2 Spanish for academic purposes in higher education when transitioning to a Spanish-speaking university at a time of maximum student mobility. The results indicate that only a small percentage of students are being prepared in these areas prior to their international experience. Furthermore, results have helped to identify some of the fundamental pragmatic and cultural aspects that students should be able to deal with in a L2 Spanish academic setting.

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En el siglo XXI, la movilidad internacional de los estudiantes universitarios es la más alta de todos los tiempos debido a la proliferación de acuerdos de intercambio internacional entre instituciones de todo el mundo, así como a la creciente popularidad de programas recíprocos bien establecidos. Así, recientemente los cursos de lengua para fines académicos se han multiplicado con el objetivo de preparar lingüísticamente a los estudiantes para estudiar áreas de contenido en una L2. Sin embargo, en las universidades hispanohablantes existen convenciones pragmáticas y culturales que los estudiantes extranjeros deben conocer para funcionar de manera adecuada y exitosa durante su estancia. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un cuestionario internacional respondido por profesores universitarios de ELE en nueve países de América del Norte, América del Sur, Europa y Asia. El objetivo del cuestionario era investigar el estado actual de la enseñanza formal de los aspectos culturales y pragmáticos del español L2 con fines académicos en la educación superior cuando se realiza la transición a una universidad hispanohablante en un momento de máxima movilidad estudiantil. Los resultados indican que solo se prepara a una mínima parte de los estudiantes en estas áreas antes de su programa internacional. También arrojan luz sobre algunos de los aspectos pragmáticos y culturales fundamentales que se deberían manejar en un entorno académico de español L2.

Cultural meaning-making in challenging interactions in L2 Spanish: language teachers’ perceptions

Lori Czerwionka, Gerrard Mugford (2020)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 7.2

Some challenges to intercultural communication prevent intercultural interactions altogether, while others can prevent effective and successful communication during an intercultural exchange. This article addresses a key challenge within intercultural interactions: cultural meaning-making. This is a process that requires both communicative and intercultural competence and encompasses the interdependent and ever-present relationships between language, culture, and worldviews. Considering the important role of language teachers in second language (L2) learners’ cultural meaning-making development in challenging interactions that may be faced by learners in the target language community, the current pilot study elicits teachers’ perceptions of linguistic and cultural resources required by their students to engage in challenging interactions and focuses on the pedagogical approaches employed by them to foster cultural meaning-making in challenging interactions. Three types of challenging situations were examined: difficult situations (uncomfortable or even hostile for the students); impolite situations (those that may be rude or impolite); and situations of imposition (those that involve imposition on the student or another person, e.g., requests, commands, favors). Results indicated teachers’ reliance on certain resources involved in cultural meaning-making and a general absence of a theoretical approach to intercultural communication.

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Existen desafíos inherentes a la comunicación intercultural que impiden totalmente las interacciones, mientras que otros representan un obstáculo para una comunicación efectiva. Este artículo aborda un desafío crucial de dichas interacciones: la construcción de significados culturalmente limitados, un proceso que requiere competencias comunicativas e interculturales, en el que se manifiestan las relaciones interdependientes entre lenguaje, cultura y visión del mundo. Considerando el papel de los profesores de lengua en cómo los estudiantes construyen significados culturalmente limitados al abordar interacciones complejas en la comunidad de la L2, el presente estudio piloto explora las percepciones docentes sobre los recursos lingüísticos y culturales necesarios para que los alumnos participen en interacciones desafiantes, así como enfoques pedagógicos para que estos sean capaces de construir significados. Se examinaron tres tipos de situaciones desafiantes: situaciones incómodas (difíciles de resolver e incluso hostiles para los alumnos); situaciones descorteses (aquellas que se pueden percibir como de poca educación); y situaciones de imposición (aquellas que implican imposición al estudiante o a otra persona, por ejemplo, peticiones, órdenes, favores). Los resultados sugieren que los docentes confían en recursos propios de la construcción de significados, pero también que no parten de un enfoque teórico para la comunicación intercultural.

Current Perspectives in Spanish Lexical Development

VV. AA. (2024)

New quantitative methodology and the development of corpus and experimental linguistics tools have recently made researching lexical comprehension and production more accessible. While several tools and data sets are available in English (Coh-metrix, CELEX) and a few other languages, the development of resources and empirical research is still lacking in Spanish.

This volume brings together original empirical research and theoretical perspectives that examine lexical development in Spanish L1, L2 and L3, with a focus on different teaching approaches and textbook coverage of Spanish lexicon in L2 curricula and the use of corpus linguistics in methodological investigations. Some questions addressed include the role of lexical development in mapping grammatical acquisition phases, the potential transfers of L1 to L2 lexical abilities, the effect of explicit vocabulary learning techniques in L2, how affective meaning modulates L2 acquisition, or how a typological understanding of lexical organization can help in teaching more effectively the lexicon of a language, among many others.

The book offers an overview of what is currently being done in the field of Spanish lexical acquisition through a myriad of approaches and topics.

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Contenidos

Frontmatter

Preface

Section I: Lexicon at the crossroads: The interplay of lexicon with other areas of language

Chapter 1 The trajectory of Spanish vocabulary studies and challenges ahead
Laura Marqués-Pascual and Irene Checa-García

Chapter 2 The role of the lexicon in language acquisition: An issue in need of study
Milagros Fernández-Pérez and Miguel González-Pereira

Chapter 3 The relationship between self-rated vocabulary knowledge and accuracy of phonological forms
Danielle Daidone

Section II: Measures of lexical competence and development in Spanish

Chapter 4 Individual lexical breadth and its associated measures. A contribution to the calculation of individual lexical richness
Juan-Andrés Villena-Ponsoda, Antonio-Manuel Ávila-Muñoz and José-María Sánchez-Sáez

Chapter 5 L1 to L2 lexical development transfer? A within subjects study on lexical richness measures
Irene Checa-García and Austin Schafer

Chapter 6 Development of lexical deployment as a result of a short-term study abroad experience in Costa Rica
Judith Borràs, Àngels Llanes and Goretti Prieto Botana

Chapter 7 Effects of passive vocabulary knowledge and task type on lexical sophistication in L2 Spanish writing
Marco Berton and Laura Sánchez

Section III: Attitudes and emotions in the lexicon

Chapter 8 “Learn the rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist”: On the emotional effects of breaking word-formation rules
Elisabet Llopart-Saumell

Chapter 9 Do L2 Speakers sound strange when using slang? L1 attitudes toward L2 Use of peninsular Spanish colloquial lexical items
Stefan DuBois

Section IV: Approaches to teaching L2 lexicon

Chapter 10 Vocabulary in the L2 Spanish classroom: What students know and what their instructors believe they know
Claudia Helena Sánchez-Gutiérrez, César Hoyos Álvarez and Pablo Robles-García

Chapter 11 Interpreting the designated curriculum: Teachers’ understanding of vocabulary instruction and adherence to the textbook
Nausica Marcos Miguel and Mari Félix Cubas Mora

Chapter 12 Do you really know this word? Dimensions of vocabulary knowledge in Spanish textbooks
Eve C. Zyzik and Laura Marqués-Pascual

Depth of processing in L2 learning: theory, research, and pedagogy

Ronald P. Leow, Johnathan D. Mercer (2015)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 2.1

Both educators and researchers alike are usually confounded by the differential performances of L2 learners who are exposed to the same L2 information in the classroom setting. Current second language acquisition (SLA) research employing concurrent data elicitation procedures (e.g., think-aloud protocols to gather online data on learners’ cognitive processes employed during their interaction with the L2 data) are revealing that one potential explanation may lie in how deeply L2 learners process the L2 information, usually referred to as depth of processing. Depth of processing is defined as the relative amount of cognitive effort, level of analysis, elaboration of intake together with the usage of prior knowledge, hypothesis testing and rule formation employed in encoding and decoding some grammatical or lexical item in the input (Leow 2015). This article presents a succinct report of the role of depth of processing from a theoretical perspective in the Instructed SLA field, reports the findings of research that has provided empirical support for its role in L2 development, and, based on these empirical findings, offers some pedagogical suggestions for promoting learners’ deeper processing of the L2 data in the L2 classroom.

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El desempeño diferencial de ciertas tareas en una segunda lengua (L2) por parte de aprendices expuestos al mismo material pedagógico en el aula suele confundir tanto a pedagogos como a investigadores. La investigación actual en el campo de la adquisición de segundas lenguas (ASL) con procedimientos de obtención de datos concurrentes (p. ej., los protocolos de pensamientos en voz alta “think-alouds” para recoger datos simultáneos sobre los procesos cognitivos de los aprendices durante su interacción con la información de la L2) demuestra que una de las posibles explicaciones puede estar vinculada con el nivel de profundidad con el cual los aprendices procesan la información. En concreto, la profundidad del procesamiento se define como la cantidad relativa de esfuerzo cognitivo, nivel de análisis y elaboración de “intake” junto con la utilización de conocimiento previo, la comprobación de hipótesis y la formación de reglas que se usan para codificar y descodificar cualquier información gramatical o léxica en el “input”. Este artículo informa, primero desde una perspectiva teórica, sobre el papel de la profundidad de procesamiento en el campo de ASL. Después, presenta los resultados de la investigación sobre la profundidad de pensamiento en el desarrollo de una L2 y, a partir de estos resultados, ofrece algunas pautas para promover el procesamiento más profundo de datos de la L2 por parte de los aprendices dentro del aula.

Designing, compiling and interrogating corpora in L2 Spanish acquisition research

Cristóbal Lozano, Paloma Fernández-Mira (2022)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 9.2

Despite the burgeoning field of Spanish second language acquisition (SLA) research, large Spanish learner corpora (LC) are not common practice yet. We present a general yet practical introduction to the multiple decisions Spanish as a second language (L2) researchers should consider before creating their own LC. We focus on (i) two freely available Spanish LC (CEDEL2 and COWS-L2H), (ii) their general design principles, (iii) crucial variables to collect (learner and task variables), (iv) ways of collecting and compiling LC data, and (v) the final product (the corpus interface). We explore different ways of interrogating the two corpora, illustrating them with specific (morpho)syntactic and lexical examples from L2 Spanish, as well as potential curricular and teaching applications of LC. We conclude with a recommendation for the triangulation of LC data with experimental research and a summary of future directions that the field of LC research may take. Our ultimate aim is to equip researchers with the basic theoretical and methodological tools to design, build and collect their own LC.

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A pesar del reciente auge del campo de la investigación de la adquisición de español como segunda lengua (L2), el uso de corpus de aprendices (CA) sigue sin ser una práctica habitual. En este artículo presentamos, de manera general a la vez que práctica, las múltiples decisiones a las que se enfrentan los investigadores de español L2 a la hora de crear su propio corpus. Nos centramos en (i) dos CA de español de acceso gratuito (CEDEL2 and COWS-L2H), (ii) sus principios de diseño, (iii) las variables relativas a los aprendices y a las tareas, (iv) maneras de recoger y compilar los datos y (v) el producto final (interfaces de búsqueda). Exploramos diferentes maneras de interrogar los corpus, ilustrándolas con ejemplos lingüísticos, y describimos posibles usos de esos datos tanto en la investigación como en la enseñanza. Concluimos con una recomendación de triangular datos de CA y experimentos y un resumen de los próximos pasos en el campo de la investigación de CA. Nuestra finalidad es equipar a los investigadores con herramientas básicas para compilar exitosamente su propio CA.

Developing automaticity and speed of lexical access: the effects of incidental and explicit teaching approaches

Ana Pellicer-Sánchez (2015)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 2.2

There is general agreement that speed of lexical access is an essential component for successful communication and fluent language use. In vocabulary acquisition research the majority of studies have focused on the acquisition of the form and meaning of new words but research into the teaching conditions leading to the improvement of speed of lexical access is still scarce. This article reports results of two studies which explored the effectiveness of two vocabulary teaching approaches for the development of speed and automaticity of lexical access by learners of Spanish as a foreign language. Participants in Study 1 were exposed to the target vocabulary in reading passages (incidental approach), while participants in Study 2 were exposed to the target words in explicit vocabulary activities (explicit approach). A pre- and post-treatment lexical decision task assessed participants’ speed of lexical access. Two indicators of improved lexical access were examined: faster reaction times (RTs) and a decrease in the coefficient of variation (CV), i.e., automaticity measure. Results showed that both types of treatment led to faster speed of lexical access, while only the explicit treatment led to automatic processing. The effect of repetition was also explored and results showed that there was no clear, significant effect of the number of repetitions on the development of speed and automaticity of lexical access. Taken together, the type and amount of vocabulary learning activities in these studies give an initial indication of the minimum amount of vocabulary engagement which may lead to significant improvement in learners’ speed and automaticity of lexical access.

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La rapidez de acceso al léxico es un componente esencial para una fluida comunicación. En el campo del aprendizaje de vocabulario, la mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en la adquisición de la forma y el significado de nuevas palabras. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre cuáles son los enfoques y condiciones que llevan al desarrollo de la rapidez de acceso al léxico son todavía escasas. Este artículo presenta resultados de dos estudios que examinaron la efectividad de dos enfoques para el desarrollo de la rapidez y automaticidad de acceso al léxico en estudiantes de español como lengua extranjera. Los participantes en el primer estudio estuvieron expuestos al vocabulario a través de la lectura (enfoque incidental), mientras que los participantes en el segundo estudio estuvieron expuestos al vocabulario a través de actividades específicas (enfoque explícito). Su rapidez de acceso al léxico se midió con una tarea de decisión léxica antes y después de la exposición. Dos indicadores se utilizaron para medir la mejora de acceso al léxico: reducción en el tiempo de reacción y una disminución en el coeficiente de variación (CV) como medida de automaticidad. Los resultados mostraron que ambos enfoques produjeron un aumento en la rapidez de acceso al léxico de los participantes, pero solo el enfoque de enseñanza explícita produjo automaticidad en ese proceso. El efecto de la frecuencia de exposiciones también se exploró y los resultados mostraron que no había un efecto significativo del número de repeticiones en el desarrollo de este componente léxico. Estos resultados proporcionan una indicación inicial del tipo y cantidad de exposición que pueden conducir a una mejora significativa en la rapidez y automaticidad con la que los estudiantes acceden al léxico.

Development of assessments in L2 Spanish during study abroad

Rachel L. Shively (2017)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 3.2

This study examines the development of speaker and listener assessments by second language (L2) learners of Spanish during a semester abroad in Spain. Assessments express the speaker’s judgment, attitude, or affect towards what is said and perform the crucial functions of closing a topic and displaying shared understanding with an interlocutor. The results indicate that learners increased their use of listener assessments, as well as their use of specific structures and lexical items in speaker assessments. Participation in everyday conversation as well as explicit instruction represented ways that students could learn to make assessments. The article concludes with suggestions for teaching assessments in the Spanish L2 classroom.

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Este estudio analiza la adquisición de evaluaciones de hablante y oyente realizadas por estudiantes de español como segunda lengua durante un semestre en España. Mediante una evaluación, el hablante puede expresar su criterio, actitud o emociones hacia lo previamente dicho además de cerrar un tema y demostrar comprensión mutua con el interlocutor. El análisis muestra un aumento en el uso de evaluaciones de oyente y en el uso de construcciones y vocabulario específicos. La participación en la conversación cotidiana y la enseñanza explícita constituyeron maneras en las que los estudiantes aprendieron a realizar evaluaciones. Este artículo concluye con sugerencias para la enseñanza de las evaluaciones en el aula de español como L2.

Development of grammar, vocabulary, and pragmatics in an additional language: insights from Spanish learner corpus research

Aarnes Gudmestad (2022)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 9.2

The current article offers an overview of scholarship on additional-language (e.g., second-language, heritage-language) users of Spanish that has been carried out using learner corpora in the last decade. I focus the review of Spanish learner corpus research on investigations that have examined grammar (e.g., fluency, grammatical gender), vocabulary (e.g., lexical diversity), and pragmatics (e.g., discourse markers), and I highlight the contributions that this body of work has made to the understanding of the use and development of additional-language Spanish. I also discuss the pedagogical applications that this line of inquiry may have. I conclude by identifying specific avenues for future work pertaining to research on additional-language learning and the development of new corpora.

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Este artículo ofrece una descripción general de las investigaciones en la última década sobre hablantes de español como lengua adicional (p. ej., como segunda lengua o lengua de herencia) que se han llevado a cabo utilizando corpus de aprendices. Más concretamente, se pone el foco de atención en la revisión de la investigación de corpus de aprendices de español que examina la gramática (p. ej., la fluidez, el género gramatical), el vocabulario (p. ej., la diversidad léxica) y la pragmática (p. ej., los marcadores discursivos), destacando estas contribuciones al uso y desarrollo del español como lengua adicional. También se abordan las implicaciones pedagógicas más notables. El artículo concluye con la identificación de vías específicas para el trabajo futuro relacionado con la investigación sobre el aprendizaje de idiomas adicionales y el desarrollo de nuevos corpus.

Dialect variation as reflected in the Diccionario de la lengua española: ideological and pedagogical implications

Francisco Moreno-Fernández, Domnita Dumitrescu (2019)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 6.2

Recent advances in sociolinguistics demonstrate the need to adopt a wider international perspective related to the way in which language variation should be reflected in the work of the institutions that participate more actively in the design of language ideologies in a 21st-century, globalized society. The most recent Pan-Hispanic publications by the Real Academia Española (RAE) and the Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (ASALE) reflect a will to recognize and promote all Spanish varieties on equal footing. This article analyzes how language variation is becoming an integral part of the Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE) in its successive print and online editions. In addition, beginning with the results of a questionnaire administered to United States’ Spanish instructors, this article discusses how this new Pan-Hispanic approach, aimed at satisfying the needs of Spanish speakers on a global scale, is understood and applied by instructors who teach Spanish as a second or foreign language. In this case, particular attention is also paid to the issues related to the ways in which educators perceive lexicographical progress in recent academic works.

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Los recientes avances en sociolingüística han demostrado la necesidad de adoptar una perspectiva internacional sobre la forma en que la variación lingüística debe reflejarse en el trabajo de las instituciones que participan más activamente en el diseño de unas ideologías del lenguaje para la sociedad globalizada del siglo XXI. Para la lengua española, las más recientes publicaciones de la RAE y la ASALE reflejan la voluntad de reconocer y promocionar todas las variedades españolas en pie de igualdad. En este artículo se analiza la forma en que la variación lingüística se integra en el Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE), en sus sucesivas ediciones impresas y en línea. En relación con ello, partiendo de los resultados de un cuestionario administrado a profesores estadounidenses, se reflexiona sobre cómo el actual enfoque panhispánico, destinado a satisfacer las necesidades de los hispanohablantes a escala mundial, es entendido y aplicado por el profesorado de español como lengua segunda o extranjera. Se analizan con especial atención las cuestiones relacionadas con la percepción por parte de los educadores del progreso lexicográfico en las obras académicas recientes.