todoELE

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At the turn of the new millennium, in an article published in Language Teaching Research in 2000, Dörnyei and Kormos proposed that ‘active learner engagement is a key concern’ for all instructed language learning. Since then, language engagement research has increased exponentially. In this article, we present a systematic review of 20 years of language engagement research. To ensure robust coverage, we searched 21 major journals on second language acquisition (SLA) and applied linguistics and identified 112 reports satisfying our inclusion criteria. The results of our analysis of these reports highlighted the adoption of heterogeneous methods and conceptual frameworks in the language engagement literature, as well as indicating a need to refine the definitions and operationalizations of engagement in both quantitative and qualitative research. Based on these findings, we attempted to clarify some lingering ambiguity around fundamental definitions, and to more clearly delineate the scope and target of language engagement research. We also discuss future avenues to further advance understanding of the nature, mechanisms, and outcomes resulting from engagement in language learning.

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World language teachers have historically relied on the notion of teaching methods to inform elements of design and procedure in their instructional practice. Teacher beliefs about teaching methods, however, have been shown to be significantly influenced by their context, including their institution and their learners. This phenomenon has led some scholars to identify a postmethod condition, where teachers prioritize making responsive, principled decisions about instruction based on their context. This qualitative study investigated the patterns and realities of the postmethod condition in practice through the lens of teacher beliefs about teaching methods, focusing on ten secondary-level world language teachers of French and Spanish in the USA. Data sources included a survey about teaching methods, in-depth interviews, and classroom observations. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, multiple phases of coding, and integrating analysis of the three sources. Findings indicated that teachers in this group largely identified as adhering to one main teaching approach, with eight of the ten self-identifying as using primarily comprehensible input and/or TPRS (Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling) methods. However, through investigating their beliefs about grammar and accuracy; the four skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking; the importance of input and output; and instructional flow, we found that the teachers examined and reexamined their teaching methods regularly, largely due to the influences of their learners and their institution. The relationship between the teachers’ beliefs and practices was mediated by context-driven instructional decision-making, indicating the presence of a postmethod condition.

Versión digital

El Glosario de términos gramaticales es un recurso didáctico que la Real Academia Española y la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española ponen a disposición de los docentes de lengua de todos los países hispanohablantes. Los objetivos fundamentales de esta obra son los siguientes:

• Contribuir a mejorar la formación gramatical de cuantos enseñan español en los cursos previos a la universidad.
• Explicar y justificar la terminología gramatical que puede adaptarse a esos niveles de la enseñanza, así como ayudar a que los docentes la manejen con destreza y propiedad.
• Mejorar el conocimiento de las estructuras gramaticales y de su relación con los significados que expresan.
• Simplificar didácticamente las nociones más complejas, aclarar las tradicionales e introducir algunos conceptos modernos, ampliamente usados en la actualidad, que resultan de granutilidad para analizar la gramática de nuestra lengua.
• Contribuir a que la enseñanza de la gramática constituya una tarea más reflexiva y menos mecánica de lo que a veces resulta ser.

El presente Glosario contiene...

• definiciones, descripciones y aclaraciones didácticas;
• abundante ejemplificación;
• términos cercanos y equivalentes en varios modelos de análisis;
• términos relacionados conceptualmente con el que se define;
• presentaciones didácticas en las que se separa sistemáticamente la información fundamental de la complementaria;
• referencias a cuestiones normativas en los artículos pertinentes;
• remisiones internas para relacionar unos conceptos con otros;
• esquemas con clasificaciones detalladas de las clases de palabras y las relaciones sintácticas;
• tablas que resumen las propiedades morfológicas y sintácticas de muchas voces gramaticales;
• referencias a los apartados pertinentes de las dos principales gramáticas de referencia del español publicadas en los últimos años.

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• Equipo
• Prólogo
• Información y estructura de las entradas
• Lista de abreviaturas, siglas y símbolos alfabetizables
• Esquemas
• Tablas
• Nómina
• Información de la obra

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Classroom studies have shown that learning new vocabulary from reading can be enhanced if the reading task is followed by a word-focused activity, such as a fill-in-the-blank activity. However, little is known about: (1) whether a post-reading word-focused activity can also positively affect vocabulary uptake in out-of-classroom contexts when there is no instructor support, (2) whether vocabulary gains differ based on proficiency levels, and (3) whether awareness of an upcoming post-reading word-focused activity influences learning gains. The present study addresses these issues by having native (high-proficient) or nonnative (L2 high-intermediate) English speakers read a narrative containing 16 recurring non-word target items. Within each proficiency group, one subgroup of participants was instructed that they would be given the word-focused activity after they finished reading, another subgroup was not. Participants then engaged in a word-focused activity that involved either the non-word target items or real words from the narrative. Finally, all participants were given a vocabulary test. We found that, compared to the real-word activity, the target-item activity led to significantly greater vocabulary gains, especially for the L2 high-intermediate learners, regardless of whether or not participants were forewarned of an upcoming word-focused activity.

This book presents a view of human language as social interaction, illustrating its implications for language learning and second language teaching. The volume advocates for researchers, practitioners, and administrators to rethink and reconceptualize an understanding of language beyond that of the written word to one encompassing social and interactional activity built on co-construction, collaboration, and negotiation. The book emphasizes the ways in which this view of language can shed light on the language learning process as one which draws on discrete linguistic units and constructions in conjunction with a range of temporal, sequential, and embodied resources across a variety of social contexts. In turn, these insights prompt further reflection and discussion on their implications for advancing second language teaching practice. This book will be key reading for scholars interested in second language teaching research, as well as active second language teachers and language program administrators.

Contenidos

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Research on Language and Interaction Across Disciplines
1.2 Research on Interaction and Second Language Teaching
1.3 On Grammatical Sentences and their Limits
1.4 Action and Sequence: Composition, Position, and Context
1.5 Conclusion

Chapter 2: Understanding interaction
2.1 Basics: Action and Sequence
2.2 Larger Courses of Action
2.3 Why We Talk
2.4 Interaction, Language, and Culture
2.5 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Understanding language learning
3.1 On Learning vs. Teaching
3.2 Language Learning in Children
3.3 Second Language Learning
3.4 Situated Interaction as Driver and Object of Learning
3.5 Language Learning Revisited
3.6 Conclusion

Chapter 4: Understanding interaction in the classroom
4.1 Researching Classroom Interaction
4.2 Shaping Classroom Interaction for Maximizing Learning
4.3 Interaction as Teaching and Learning Target
4.4 Conclusion

Chapter 5: Interaction, language use, and second language teaching
5.1 Main Insights
5.2 Discussion

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Las unidades fraseológicas se han ido integrando cada vez más en las nuevas propuestas didácticas dedicadas a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. En el presente estudio se pretende comprobar, específicamente, el tratamiento que podrían estar recibiendo las locuciones verbales en las aulas de ELE a través de los recursos que suelen guiar su planificación curricular, con el fin de observar si estos avances están siendo aplicados. Para ello, se han analizado, en primer lugar, las dos obras de referencia para la planificación docente en ELE: el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCERL) (2002) y el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes (PCIC) (2006). De esta manera, se ha evidenciado la escasa sistematicidad y precisión con la que abordan ambas obras la fraseología en general y, particularmente, las locuciones verbales. En segundo lugar, con la finalidad de profundizar en el tratamiento de estas unidades en los recursos de ELE y de comprobar si los manuales siguen las recomendaciones de la obra del Instituto Cervantes, se han extraído las locuciones verbales incluidas en el PCIC para comparar su propuesta curricular con 50 manuales de ELE de nivel intermedio (B1 y B2). Al recoger las unidades de estos últimos, se determinaron aquellas que constituían objetivos específicos de aprendizaje (clasificadas como explícitas) y las que aparecen como consecuencia del empleo natural de la lengua (clasificadas como implícitas). Por un lado, se ha observado que el número de locuciones verbales de enseñanza explícita de los manuales de B2 supera notablemente el observado en los de B1, lo que podría derivar de la sugerencia del PCIC de que la enseñanza de este tipo de unidades se realice a partir de B2. Por otro lado, el grado de correspondencia entre las unidades asignadas a los niveles B1 y B2 por el Instituto Cervantes y las que se incluyen en los manuales es mínimo. Esta apreciación se deriva de que los manuales incluyen, principalmente, locuciones verbales recomendadas para niveles superiores según el PCIC o no recogidas en él.