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Outcomes of University Spanish Heritage Language Instruction in the United States

VV. AA. (2022)

n the United States, heritage language speakers represent approximately 22 percent of the population and 29 percent of the school-age population. Until now, though, few studies have examined the outcomes of classroom teaching of heritage languages.

Outcomes of University Spanish Heritage Language Instruction in the United States sheds light on the effectiveness of specific instructional methods for college-level heritage learners. The first of its kind, this volume addresses how receiving heritage classroom instruction affects Spanish speakers on multiple levels, including linguistic, affective, attitudinal, social, and academic outcomes. Examining outcomes of instruction in the Spanish language—the most common heritage language in the United States—provides insights that can be applied to instruction in other heritage languages.

CONTENTS
Introduction: Why and How to Examine Outcomes of Heritage Language Instruction
Melissa A. Bowles

Part I: Morphosyntactic Outcomes

1. Modality Matters! A Look at Task-Based Outcomes
Julio Torres

2. The Differential Effects of Three Types of Form-Focused Computer-Based Grammar Instruction: The Case of Receptive Heritage Learners
Sara M. Beaudrie and Bonnie C. Holmes

3. Effects of Instruction on Specific Measures of Accuracy in Spanish Heritage Learners' Writing
Adrián Bello-Uriarte

4. The Secret Is in The Processing: Categorizing How Heritage Learners of Spanish Process
Celia Chomón Zamora

5. What Type of Knowledge Do Implicit and Explicit Heritage Language Instruction Result In?
Sara Fernández Cuenca and Melissa A. Bowles

Part II: Social and Educational Outcomes

6. "Incorporating Our Own Traditions and Our Own Ways of Trying to Learn the Language": Beginning-Level Spanish as a Heritage Language Students' Perception of Their SHL Learning Experience
Damián Vergara Wilson

7. Beyond Registers of Formality and Other Categories of Stigmatization: Style, Awareness, and Agency in SHL Education
Claudia Holguín Mendoza

8. Toward an Understanding of the Relationship between Heritage Language Programs and Latinx Student Retention and Graduation: An Exploratory Case Study
Josh Prada and Diego Pascual y Cabo

9. Heritage and Second Language Learners' Voices and Views on Mixed Classes and Separate Tracks
Florencia G. Henshaw

Afterword: Studying Outcomes to Bridge the Gap between Teaching and Learning
Maria M. Carreira

Perspectivas sobre la enseñanza del español a los hablantes de herencia en los Estados Unidos

Kim Potowski, Andrew Lynch (2014)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 1.2

Hay casi 50 millones de personas en los Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) que hablan español. Se estima que el 40% son inmigrantes y el otro 60% nace en EE.UU., en su mayoría hijos, nietos o bisnietos de inmigrantes. Al ser expuestos al español en el hogar o en redes sociales comunitarias o relaciones de familia extendida, muchos han adquirido capacidades comunicativas en este idioma pero son principalmente angloparlantes. Se les ha denominado “hablantes de herencia”, “bilingües” o incluso “hablantes nativos” en el ámbito educativo; la enseñanza del español para ellos se conoce como heritage language teaching o español para hablantes de herencia (EHH). Este artículo considera las bases sociolingüísticas y pedagógicas de la enseñanza del español a la población bilingüe de EE.UU., enfocándose en algunos retos que se presentan a todos los niveles educativos: (1) la heterogeneidad sociolingüística y cultural; (2) los fenómenos evidentes en sus repertorios comunicacionales así como en los aspectos lingüísticos, afectivos y académicos que inciden en su adquisición y uso del español, y (3) la implementación de aproximaciones pedagógicas más adecuadas para esta población.

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There are almost 50 million people in the United States (US) who speak Spanish. It has been estimated that 40% are foreign-born, whereas the other 60% are born in the US, the majority of the latter being children, grandchildren, or great-grandchildren of immigrants. Because they were exposed to Spanish in the home or through community and family social networks, many have acquired communicative abilities in the language, although they are principally English-speaking. They have been termed “heritage speakers,” “bilinguals” or even “native speakers” in educational circles; teaching Spanish to such students is known as heritage language teaching or Spanish for heritage speakers (SNS). This article considers sociolinguistic and pedagogical underpinnings of teaching Spanish to bilinguals in the US, focusing on some of the challenges they present at various educational levels: (1) their sociolinguistic and cultural heterogeneity; (2) some of the linguistic phenomena present in their communicative repertoires and some of the linguistic, affective and academic aspects that influence their acquisition and use of Spanish; and (3) pedagogical approaches that are most appropriate for this population.

Spanish in the professions and in the community in the US

Barbara A. Lafford, Ann Abbott, Darcy Lear (2014)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 1.2

Over the past two decades, Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) and Community Service Learning (CSL) in the United States (US) have gained traction in post-secondary institutions. Abbott and Lear (2010) established that CSL provides excellent opportunities for students to meet the National Foreign Language Standards. After establishing a brief historical overview of programs and research in the fields of Spanish LSP and CSL, this paper provides an overview of core issues facing the field, i.e., the need to (1) focus LSP on a new specific purpose (foundational training in professionalism) (i.e., those linguistic abilities, behaviors, skills, and manners that are vital to all professions in the target culture), (2) thread this training in professionalism throughout the curriculum (from basic language, to majors, to graduate students), (3) build interdisciplinarity among faculty through professional development, especially in the field of CSL, and (4) provide professional research training to second language acquisition scholars, graduate students, and LSP scholars/practitioners to build the research base in LSP and in experiential learning in CSL environments (Lafford 2012, 2013). This study concludes with an exploration of the challenges and rewards of implementing those LSP and CSL action items and proposes directions for future research.

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En las últimas dos décadas, la inclusión de lenguas para fines específicos (LFE) y el aprendizaje-servicio (APS) en el currículo universitario en los Estados Unidos ha ganado terreno. Abbott y Lear (2010) establecieron que el APS provee excelentes oportunidades para alcanzar los Estándares Nacionales para las Lenguas Extranjeras. Después de ofrecer un breve repaso histórico de programas e investigaciones en los campos de LFE y APS, este trabajo plantea un repaso de asuntos clave que enfrentan estos campos en torno a la necesidad de: (1) enfocar LFE hacia un nuevo propósito específico: la formación profesional básica (las habilidades, los comportamientos, las destrezas y las maneras que sean vitales para todas las profesiones en la cultura meta), (2) incorporar esta formación profesional en el curriculo (desde la lengua básica hasta el nivel de los especialistas y los estudiantes de posgrado), (3) construir un ambiente interdisciplinario entre los profesores por medio del desarrollo profesional, sobre todo en el campo de APS, y (4) proporcionar formación en técnicas de investigación a especialistas en adquisición de segundas lenguas, alumnos de posgrado y profesionales en LFE para construir una base investigadora tanto en LFE como en el aprendizaje experiencial en contextos de APS (Lafford 2012, 2013). Por último, este estudio explora los retos y los beneficios de la implementación de estos asuntos clave y propone caminos para futuras investigaciones.

Teaching and Learning Languages in the United States (TELL-US) podcast series

VV. AA. (2023)

The NFLRC is pleased to announce our new Teaching and Learning Languages in the United States (TELL-US) podcast series. This professional learning series aims to examine language teaching and learning in the U.S. from the perspective of “non-insiders” (i.e., teachers who have had to adapt to the culture of teaching and learning languages in the U.S., having come from a different cultural context). Focusing on two broad categories – language pedagogy and school culture, the goal for this program is to create a professional learning resource for novice LCTL teachers who find themselves teaching in a similar situation. Although the podcasts will focus primarily on the LCTL teacher population, they can also be a valuable resource for any other teachers whose educational formation has taken place outside the U.S. Similarly, the episodes may also provide insights for ELL teachers whose students or students’ parents identify with the cultures of the teachers invited to the show or be helpful to preservice teachers learning the essential tenets of modern world language education in the U.S.

Episode 1: Understanding the American system of education and language education, part 1