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According to Hopp?s Lexical Bottleneck Hypothesis, difficulties in second language (L2) lexical processing may lead to non-target syntactic computations. In line with this hypothesis, cognates ? which are processed faster than non-cognates, as defined by the cognate facilitation effect ? can ease L2 syntactic processing. In order to investigate whether cognates additionally facilitate L2 syntax learning, we had two groups of Spanish natives learn an artificial language drawing on Basque. Each group explicitly learnt a set of either Spanish?Basque cognates or non-cognates and a word order grammatical rule. Then, two sentence?picture matching tasks tested their ability to apply the rule (1) with cognates vs. non-cognates...

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