Chatbots as a Field of Inquiry in CALL

This entry provides a concise overview of the research conducted on chatbots in language teaching and learning, and aims to introduce chatbots as a distinct field within computer-assisted language learning (CALL). Much of the existing research focuses solely on chatbots' functions as conversational software, lacking deep reflection and theorization. In response to the need for a theoretical foundation, the authors review previous studies to highlight three considerations: the unique characteristics of chatbots that distinguish them from human interlocutors; research frameworks incorporating cognitive, sociocultural, and critical approaches; and areas in language education that intersect with chatbot technology.