Categorizing learning analytics models according to their goals and identifying their relevant components: A review of the learning analytics literature from 2011 to 2019

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This study aimed to categorize learning analytics (LA) models and identify their relevant components by analyzing LA-related articles published between 2011 and 2019 in international journals. A total of 101 articles discussing various LA models were selected. These models were characterized according to their goals and components. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to develop a coding scheme for analyzing the aforementioned models. The results reveal that the studied LA models belong to five categories, namely performance, meta-cognitive, interactivity, communication, and data models. The majority of the selected LA-related articles were data models, followed by performance models. This review also identified 16 components that were commonly used in the studied models. The results indicate that analytics was the most common component in the studied models (used in 10 LA models). Furthermore, visualization was the most relevant component in the studied communication models.