todoELE

Para ordenar un poco el asunto, organizaré la exposición en «fases». En la primera de ellas intentaré un estado crítico de la cuestión revisando algunos de los mitos que, desde mi punto de vista, persisten en la enseñanza del subjuntivo. El resto constituye un simple ordenamiento del protocolo que propongo para entender y administrar didácticamente el fenómeno de la selección modal: una fase lógica para empezar a entender qué significa el subjuntivo en términos de comunicación, una fase legislativa para proporcionar la base de un protocolo de decisión, una fase cartográfica para dibujar el mapa por donde habremos de movernos en el proceso de aprendizaje y, por último, una fase lúdica que, en contra de lo que sugiere su nombre, plantea el espinoso problema de manejar las aparentes desviaciones que se observan en el uso nativo del modo sin que ello resulte en una inmanejable lista de excepciones.

El presente capítulo pretende aportar desde una perspectiva teórico-práctica un análisis de los aspectos nocionales y metodológicos más actuales que rodean la enseñanza de la pronunciación y la corrección fonética del español como lengua extranjera (ELE). Tras examinar las características de la competencia fonética y su papel en el aula, se realiza una revisión de sus fundamentos teóricos y se propone una metodología que reúne las aportaciones de distintas disciplinas (análisis contrastivo, enfoque Comunicativo, TIC, nuevas tecnologías, método verbo-tonal, etc.). Finalmente se aporta como ejemplo una propuesta de explotación didáctica en la que se incluye una ficha de evaluación y varios ejemplos basados en el uso de la tecnología y la web 2.0. 

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This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the most current notional and methodological perspectives involved in the teaching of pronunciation and phonetic correction of Spanish as a Foreign Language. After Examining the characteristics of this area of study and its role in the foreign language classroom, the paper reviews the fundamentals in practical phonetics and proposes a framework for developing a methodology that combines different methods and approaches, including contrastive analysis, communicative approach, ICT tools, pronunciation software, verbo-tonal method, etc. The study concludes with a proposal for didactic exploitation that provides an evaluation form and examples based on the use of technology and web 2.0.

Este artículo examina el potencial de ChatGPT para el aprendizaje de español como segunda lengua en los niveles A1-B1 en cuanto a su capacidad tanto de descifrar el input del alumnado de estos niveles como de generar respuestas que puedan comprender los aprendientes. Para ello, y tras un breve repaso de las potencialidades y desafíos de la integración de las herramientas de generación de textos basadas en la inteligencia artificial, se describe el análisis realizado con dos corpus de interacciones con ChatGPT -compilados a partir de prompts del alumnado y de ejercicios propios de los cursos en estos niveles- y se presenta una serie de conclusiones preliminares a la implementación de ChatGPT en clase, resultante del análisis de dichos corpus, y encaminadas a fomentar el autoaprendizaje mediante ChatGPT como agente conversacional.

Texto completo

Existen varios argumentos que justifican y motivan la investigación en el aula. Estos argumentos surgen tanto de la realidad misma del aula y del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje como de la idiosincracia de ser profesor de lenguas extranjeras. Dediquémosle al tema un tiempo de reflexión. 

Until very recently, vocabulary played a role in the production of language teaching materials that was very definitely a secondary one. Although inevitably present in any course book, vocabulary was generally subordinated to other elements that were considered more important to the process of learning a language. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, when grammar translation was the dominant approach to language teaching, the lexical content of courses was considered less important than the grammatical content of textbooks. To a large extent, the vocabulary taught was determined by the words that appeared in the works of classical authors whose texts were used for teaching purposes. Later, the structural or audiolingual methods, based on behaviourist theories subordinated the vocabulary to be taught to the linguistic structures that the student was required to automatize during the process of learning. In the 1970s, communicative approaches to language teaching began to be developed, partly as a reaction to the short-comings of earlier methods. Functions and Notions came to be the main curricular focus for language teaching, and functional-notional approaches dominated classroom practice. The vocabulary which appears in courses that were developed with this method in mind simply reflects the vocabulary which is used in the context chosen to introduce the functions and notions which the student is required to master – In the restaurant, At the airport, At the doctor’s to list but a few of the typical ones. The common assumption that underlies all these treatments of vocabulary is the idea that vocabulary acquisition takes place naturally when people learn other more basic elements: learn grammar, or structures, or functions, and you will inevitably learn vocabulary. Vocabulary acquisition is something that just happens on its own. One consequence of this is that the textbooks of the period show a surprisingly cavalier attitude towards the vocabulary items that they choose to teach. Words are included almost at random, and their selection depends heavily on the intuition of authors.

This paper illustrates this problem in a series of beginners’ Spanish courses. Specifically, we analysed a set of six textbooks published by the BBC over a period of 30 years (1965-1995). These courses were all aimed at adult learners of Spanish, working on their own, and were primarily intended as a companion text for radio and television broadcasts. Inevitably, however, they were widely adopted as standard textbooks for adult learners attending classes as well. It is difficult to underestimate the influence of these courses on adult education, and it is no exaggeration to say that these courses pretty much defined the syllabus for adult learners of Spanish in the UK for a period of about thirty years

This study contributes to research on second language pedagogy by exploring the experience of advanced second language and heritage language university students of Spanish who, as part of their class, participated in a community-based learning experience in local health and social service clinics serving vulnerable populations. By focusing on students’ memories and perceptions of the experience as well as their acquisition of vocabulary, the study elucidates not only the concrete gains in linguistic ability but also the affective aspect of a community-based learning experience.

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Este estudio contribuye a las investigaciones de la pedagogía de segundas lenguas de servicio a la comunidad al explorar las experiencias de estudiantes universitarios de español de segundas lenguas y de herencia en una clase con un componente experiencial en clínicas locales de servicios sociales y salud que sirven a poblaciones vulnerables. No solo a través de enfocarse en los recuerdos y percepciones de la experiencia sino también en la adquisición del vocabulario, este estudio elucida tanto las mejorías en habilidad lingüística como el aspecto afectivo de una experiencia de aprendizaje basada en la comunidad.